A Coxeter matrix is indecomposable if its Coxeter graph (with edges $\{s,t\}$ whenever $M_{st} \ne 2$) is connected: any partition of the generating set into two nonempty subsets is joined by a non-commuting generator pair.
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The cosine matrix $C$ of a Coxeter matrix $M$: $C_{ij} = -\cos(\pi / M_{ij})$. This is the matrix of the standard symmetric bilinear form used to test sphericity/affineness of $M$.
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A Coxeter matrix $M$ is affine if its cosine matrix is positive semidefinite but not positive definite. This characterises the affine Coxeter types $\tilde A_n, \tilde B_n, \tilde C_n, \tilde D_n$, etc.
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A building is affine if it has a Coxeter type whose Coxeter matrix is indecomposable and affine.
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A building is a tree if it is an affine building of rank one (a single generator), i.e. type $\tilde A_1$.
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The Iwahori subgroup of a group $G$ from a BN-pair with indecomposable affine Coxeter type: bundled data consisting of the BN-pair together with the indecomposable affine hypotheses on its Coxeter matrix.
- bnpair : BNPair G M
- indecomposable : M.IsIndecomposable
- affine : M.IsAffine
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The underlying subgroup of an Iwahori datum: the distinguished subgroup $B$ of the BN-pair.