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Atlas.ProbabilisticMethodsInCombinatorics.code.Chapter8.LowerTails

The expectation parameter $\mu = \mathbb{E}[X]$ in a Janson setup is nonnegative.

The dependency parameter $\Delta = \sum_{i \sim j} \Pr(A_i \cap A_j)$ in a Janson setup is nonnegative.

The probability of any particular subset $T \subseteq [N]$ being the realized set of indicators is nonnegative.

The product-measure probabilities J.probSubset T form a probability distribution: they sum to $1$ over all subsets $T \subseteq [N]$.

theorem JansonInequality.one_sub_exp_neg_le {l : } (_hl : 0 l) :
1 - Real.exp (-l) l

Linear upper bound: $1 - e^{-l} \leq l$.

theorem JansonInequality.one_sub_exp_neg_nonneg {l : } (hl : 0 l) :
0 1 - Real.exp (-l)

Nonnegativity of $1 - e^{-l}$ for $l \geq 0$.

theorem JansonInequality.le_one_sub_exp_neg {l : } (hl : 0 l) :
l - l ^ 2 / 2 1 - Real.exp (-l)

Quadratic lower bound: $l - l^2/2 \leq 1 - e^{-l}$ for $l \geq 0$.

theorem JansonInequality.optimal_lambda_value {mu Delta t : } (hpos : 0 < mu + Delta) :
-(t / (mu + Delta)) * t + (t / (mu + Delta)) ^ 2 * (mu + Delta) / 2 = -(t ^ 2 / (2 * (mu + Delta)))

Algebraic simplification at the optimal $\lambda_0 = t/(\mu + \Delta)$: $-\lambda_0 t + \lambda_0^2 (\mu + \Delta)/2 = -t^2/(2(\mu + \Delta))$.

theorem JansonInequality.janson_III_intermediate_bound (J : Janson.JansonSetup) (t : ) (ht_nonneg : 0 t) (ht_le : t J.mu) (l : ) :
0 lJ.probLowerTail t Real.exp (l * (J.mu - t)) * Real.exp (-(1 - Real.exp (-l)) * J.mu + (1 - Real.exp (-l)) ^ 2 * J.delta / 2)

Intermediate Markov/MGF-style bound used in the proof of Janson III: for every $\lambda \geq 0$, $\Pr(X \leq \mu - t) \leq e^{\lambda(\mu - t)} \exp!\big(-(1 - e^{-\lambda})\mu

  • (1 - e^{-\lambda})^2 \Delta / 2\big)$.

The lower-tail probability $\Pr(X \leq \mu - t)$ is bounded above by $1$, as a probability must be.

theorem JansonInequality.janson_inequality_III (J : Janson.JansonSetup) (t : ) (ht_nonneg : 0 t) (ht_le : t J.mu) :
J.probLowerTail t Real.exp (-(t ^ 2 / (2 * (J.mu + J.delta))))

Janson inequality III (Theorem 8.2.2, lower tail). For any $0 \leq t \leq \mu$, $\Pr(X \leq \mu - t) \leq \exp\!\left(-\dfrac{t^2}{2(\mu + \Delta)}\right)$.