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Atlas.ProbabilisticMethodsInCombinatorics.code.Chapter10.TriangleIntersecting

A family $F$ of graphs on a common vertex set is triangle-intersecting if every pair of graphs in $F$ shares at least one triangle, i.e. $G_1 \cap G_2$ contains a 3-clique.

Instances For

    Any graph on at most 2 vertices is triangle-free (3-clique-free).

    Base case of the triangle-intersecting bound for $n \le 2$: such a family must be empty.

    A graph on 3 vertices that contains a 3-clique must be the complete graph $K_3$.

    The triangle-intersecting bound for $n = 3$: the family contains only $K_3$, so its cardinality is at most $1 < 2$.

    theorem TriangleIntersecting.coverage_arithmetic {r s m k : } (hr : 1 r) (hcov : k * m = r * s) (hlt : 2 * r < m) (hk : 0 < k) :
    (r - 1) * s < (m - 2) * k

    Arithmetic lemma extracting the exponent gain from the covering relation $k m = r s$ together with $2r < m$: $(r-1) s < (m-2) k$.

    theorem TriangleIntersecting.bound_from_pow_bound {F_card r s m k : } (hpow : F_card ^ k (2 ^ (r - 1)) ^ s) (harith : (r - 1) * s < (m - 2) * k) :
    F_card < 2 ^ (m - 2)

    From the Shearer-style power inequality $|F|^k \le (2^{r-1})^s$ combined with the arithmetic gap $(r-1) s < (m-2) k$, deduce the desired bound $|F| < 2^{m-2}$.

    theorem TriangleIntersecting.shearer_bipartition_bound {n : } (hn : 4 n) (F : Finset (SimpleGraph (Fin n))) (hF : IsTriangleIntersecting F) (hne : F.Nonempty) :
    ∃ (r : ) (s : ) (k : ), 1 r 0 < k 2 * r < n.choose 2 k * n.choose 2 = r * s F.card ^ k (2 ^ (r - 1)) ^ s

    Existence of a Shearer-style bipartition covering for any non-empty triangle-intersecting family on $n \ge 4$ vertices, providing parameters $r,s,k$ along with the projection bound $|F|^k \le (2^{r-1})^s$ used to derive the main theorem.

    Chung-Graham-Frankl-Shearer (Theorem 10.4.9): every triangle-intersecting family of graphs on $n$ labeled vertices has size strictly less than $2^{\binom{n}{2} - 2}$.