noncomputable def
Duhamel.duhamelSolution
{n : ℕ}
(D : ℝ)
(g : (Fin n → ℝ) → ℝ)
(f : ℝ → (Fin n → ℝ) → ℝ)
(t : ℝ)
(x : Fin n → ℝ)
:
Duhamel's formula: the candidate solution to the inhomogeneous heat equation $u_t - D \Delta u = f$ with initial data $g$ is $u(t, x) = (\Gamma_D(t, \cdot) * g)(x) + \int_0^t (\Gamma_D(t - s, \cdot) * f(s, \cdot))(x)\, ds$.
Instances For
theorem
Duhamel.theorem_1_2_duhamel
{n : ℕ}
(D : ℝ)
(hD : D > 0)
(g : (Fin n → ℝ) → ℝ)
(hg_cont : Continuous g)
{a : ℝ}
(ha : 0 < a)
{b : ℝ}
(hb : 0 < b)
(hg_bound : ∀ (x : Fin n → ℝ), |g x| ≤ a * Real.exp (b * euclidNormSq x))
(f : ℝ → (Fin n → ℝ) → ℝ)
(hf_cont : Continuous fun (p : ℝ × (Fin n → ℝ)) => f p.1 p.2)
(hf_bdd : ∃ (M : ℝ), ∀ (t : ℝ) (x : Fin n → ℝ), 0 ≤ t → t < 1 / (4 * D * b) → |f t x| ≤ M)
(hf_deriv_bdd :
∀ (i : Fin n),
∃ (M : ℝ), ∀ (t : ℝ) (x : Fin n → ℝ), 0 ≤ t → t < 1 / (4 * D * b) → ‖(fderiv ℝ (f t) x) (Pi.single i 1)‖ ≤ M)
(hf_deriv2_bdd :
∀ (i j : Fin n),
∃ (M : ℝ),
∀ (t : ℝ) (x : Fin n → ℝ),
0 ≤ t →
t < 1 / (4 * D * b) →
‖(fderiv ℝ (fun (y : Fin n → ℝ) => (fderiv ℝ (f t) y) (Pi.single i 1)) x) (Pi.single j 1)‖ ≤ M)
:
∃ (u : ℝ → (Fin n → ℝ) → ℝ),
(∀ (t : ℝ) (x : Fin n → ℝ), 0 < t → t < 1 / (4 * D * b) → u t x = duhamelSolution D g f t x) ∧ (∀ (t : ℝ) (x : Fin n → ℝ), 0 < t → t < 1 / (4 * D * b) → heatOperator D u t x = f t x) ∧ (∀ (x : Fin n → ℝ), Filter.Tendsto (fun (t : ℝ) => u t x) (nhdsWithin 0 (Set.Ioi 0)) (nhds (g x))) ∧ ContinuousOn (fun (p : ℝ × (Fin n → ℝ)) => u p.1 p.2) (Set.Ico 0 (1 / (4 * D * b)) ×ˢ Set.univ) ∧ (∀ (x : Fin n → ℝ), ContDiffOn ℝ 1 (fun (t : ℝ) => u t x) (Set.Ioo 0 (1 / (4 * D * b)))) ∧ (∀ t ∈ Set.Ioo 0 (1 / (4 * D * b)), ContDiff ℝ 2 (u t)) ∧ ∀ (v : ℝ → (Fin n → ℝ) → ℝ),
(∀ (t : ℝ) (x : Fin n → ℝ), 0 < t → t < 1 / (4 * D * b) → heatOperator D v t x = f t x) →
(∀ (x : Fin n → ℝ), Filter.Tendsto (fun (t : ℝ) => v t x) (nhdsWithin 0 (Set.Ioi 0)) (nhds (g x))) →
(∃ (A : ℝ) (B : ℝ),
0 < A ∧ 0 < B ∧ ∀ (t : ℝ) (x : Fin n → ℝ),
0 ≤ t → t < 1 / (4 * D * b) → |v t x| ≤ A * Real.exp (B * euclidNormSq x)) →
∀ (t : ℝ) (x : Fin n → ℝ), 0 < t → t < 1 / (4 * D * b) → v t x = u t x
Duhamel's principle (Theorem 1.2): for continuous initial data $g$ satisfying $|g(x)| \leq a\,e^{b|x|^2}$ and a continuous, bounded forcing $f$ with bounded first and second spatial derivatives, the inhomogeneous heat equation $u_t - D \Delta u = f$, $u(0, x) = g(x)$ has a unique solution $u \in C([0, T) \times \mathbb{R}^n) \cap C^{1,2}((0, T) \times \mathbb{R}^n)$ on $[0, T) \times \mathbb{R}^n$ with $T = \tfrac{1}{4 D b}$, given on $(0, T)$ by the Duhamel formula.