Documentation

Atlas.GeometryOfManifolds.code.ManifoldDFS

@[reducible]
def ManifoldΩ {E : Type u_1} [NormedAddCommGroup E] [NormedSpace E] {H : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace H] (_I : ModelWithCorners E H) (M : Type u_3) [TopologicalSpace M] [ChartedSpace H M] (p : ) :
Type (max u_1 u_3)

Differential $p$-forms on a smooth manifold $M$ (modeled on $E$ via I), realized concretely as functions $M \to \Lambda^p E^*$ from points of $M$ to alternating $p$-forms on the model space $E$.

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    @[reducible]
    def ManifoldVF {E : Type u_1} [NormedAddCommGroup E] [NormedSpace E] {H : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace H] (_I : ModelWithCorners E H) (M : Type u_3) [TopologicalSpace M] [ChartedSpace H M] :
    Type (max u_1 u_3)

    Vector fields on $M$ (modeled on $E$), realized concretely as functions $M \to E$ assigning to each point an element of the model space.

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      @[implicit_reducible]
      noncomputable instance instAddCommGroupManifoldΩ {E : Type u_1} [NormedAddCommGroup E] [NormedSpace E] {H : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace H] (I : ModelWithCorners E H) (M : Type u_3) [TopologicalSpace M] [ChartedSpace H M] (p : ) :

      Pointwise addition gives the space of differential $p$-forms an abelian group structure.

      @[implicit_reducible]
      noncomputable instance instModuleManifoldΩ {E : Type u_1} [NormedAddCommGroup E] [NormedSpace E] {H : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace H] (I : ModelWithCorners E H) (M : Type u_3) [TopologicalSpace M] [ChartedSpace H M] (p : ) :

      Pointwise scalar multiplication gives differential $p$-forms an $\mathbb{R}$-module structure.

      Convert a continuous alternating $1$-form $w \in \Lambda^1 E^*$ to a continuous linear functional $E \to \mathbb{R}$, using the canonical identification of singleton-indexed alternating maps with linear maps.

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        Pointwise wedge product of a $1$-form $w$ with a $p$-form $a$, producing a $(p+1)$-form $w \wedge a$ via antisymmetrization of $(v_0, v_1, \dots, v_p) \mapsto w(v_0) \cdot a(v_1, \dots, v_p)$.

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          Evaluating oneFormToCL w at a vector $v$ is the same as evaluating the original $1$-form on the one-element tuple $[v]$.

          Currying-on-the-left commutes with antisymmetrization in the following sense: $$\iota_v (L \wedge \beta) = (Lv) \cdot \beta - L \wedge (\iota_v \beta),$$ the basic Leibniz identity for $\iota_v$ acting on a wedge product $L \wedge \beta$.

          noncomputable def manifoldFMul {E : Type u_1} [NormedAddCommGroup E] [NormedSpace E] {H : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace H] (I : ModelWithCorners E H) {M : Type u_3} [TopologicalSpace M] [ChartedSpace H M] {p : } (f : ManifoldΩ I M 0) (α : ManifoldΩ I M p) :

          Multiplication of a $p$-form $\alpha$ by a scalar function $f \in \Omega^0$: $(f \cdot \alpha)_x = f(x) \cdot \alpha_x$.

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            noncomputable def manifoldIota {E : Type u_1} [NormedAddCommGroup E] [NormedSpace E] {H : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace H] (I : ModelWithCorners E H) {M : Type u_3} [TopologicalSpace M] [ChartedSpace H M] (X : ManifoldVF I M) {p : } (α : ManifoldΩ I M (p + 1)) :

            Interior product $\iota_X \alpha$: contracts a vector field $X$ into the first slot of a $(p+1)$-form $\alpha$, producing a $p$-form.

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              noncomputable def manifoldD {E : Type u_1} [NormedAddCommGroup E] [NormedSpace E] {H : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace H] (I : ModelWithCorners E H) {M : Type u_3} [TopologicalSpace M] [ChartedSpace H M] {p : } (α : ManifoldΩ I M p) :
              ManifoldΩ I M (p + 1)

              The exterior derivative $d : \Omega^p(M) \to \Omega^{p+1}(M)$. On a function $f$, $df$ is the differential. On a $(p+1)$-form $\alpha$, $d\alpha$ is given by the invariant formula involving $\sum_i (-1)^i \, \partial_{v_i}(\alpha(\hat v_i))$.

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                noncomputable def manifoldWedge1 {E : Type u_1} [NormedAddCommGroup E] [NormedSpace E] {H : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace H] (I : ModelWithCorners E H) {M : Type u_3} [TopologicalSpace M] [ChartedSpace H M] {p : } (w : ManifoldΩ I M 1) (α : ManifoldΩ I M p) :
                ManifoldΩ I M (p + 1)

                Wedge product of a $1$-form $w$ with a $p$-form $\alpha$, producing a $(p+1)$-form $w \wedge \alpha$ defined pointwise.

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                  noncomputable def manifoldL {E : Type u_1} [NormedAddCommGroup E] [NormedSpace E] {H : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace H] (I : ModelWithCorners E H) {M : Type u_3} [TopologicalSpace M] [ChartedSpace H M] (X : ManifoldVF I M) {p : } (α : ManifoldΩ I M p) :

                  The Lie derivative $\mathcal{L}_X \alpha$ along a vector field $X$, defined via Cartan's magic formula $\mathcal{L}_X = \iota_X \circ d + d \circ \iota_X$ (with the $p = 0$ case reducing to $\mathcal{L}_X f = \iota_X df$).

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                    theorem manifoldD_add {E : Type u_1} [NormedAddCommGroup E] [NormedSpace E] {H : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace H] (I : ModelWithCorners E H) {M : Type u_3} [TopologicalSpace M] [ChartedSpace H M] {p : } (α β : ManifoldΩ I M p) :
                    manifoldD I (α + β) = manifoldD I α + manifoldD I β

                    The exterior derivative is additive: $d(\alpha + \beta) = d\alpha + d\beta$.

                    theorem manifoldD_smul {E : Type u_1} [NormedAddCommGroup E] [NormedSpace E] {H : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace H] (I : ModelWithCorners E H) {M : Type u_3} [TopologicalSpace M] [ChartedSpace H M] {p : } (r : ) (α : ManifoldΩ I M p) :
                    manifoldD I (r α) = r manifoldD I α

                    The exterior derivative is $\mathbb{R}$-linear: $d(r \cdot \alpha) = r \cdot d\alpha$.

                    theorem manifoldD_squared {E : Type u_1} [NormedAddCommGroup E] [NormedSpace E] {H : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace H] (I : ModelWithCorners E H) {M : Type u_3} [TopologicalSpace M] [ChartedSpace H M] {p : } (α : ManifoldΩ I M p) :
                    manifoldD I (manifoldD I α) = 0

                    $d^2 = 0$: the exterior derivative squares to zero, $d \circ d = 0$.

                    theorem manifoldIota_zero {E : Type u_1} [NormedAddCommGroup E] [NormedSpace E] {H : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace H] (I : ModelWithCorners E H) {M : Type u_3} [TopologicalSpace M] [ChartedSpace H M] (X : ManifoldVF I M) {p : } :
                    manifoldIota I X 0 = 0

                    Interior product against the zero form vanishes: $\iota_X 0 = 0$.

                    theorem manifoldIota_add {E : Type u_1} [NormedAddCommGroup E] [NormedSpace E] {H : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace H] (I : ModelWithCorners E H) {M : Type u_3} [TopologicalSpace M] [ChartedSpace H M] (X : ManifoldVF I M) {p : } (α β : ManifoldΩ I M (p + 1)) :
                    manifoldIota I X (α + β) = manifoldIota I X α + manifoldIota I X β

                    The interior product is additive in the form argument: $\iota_X(\alpha + \beta) = \iota_X \alpha + \iota_X \beta$.

                    theorem manifoldIota_smul {E : Type u_1} [NormedAddCommGroup E] [NormedSpace E] {H : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace H] (I : ModelWithCorners E H) {M : Type u_3} [TopologicalSpace M] [ChartedSpace H M] (X : ManifoldVF I M) {p : } (r : ) (α : ManifoldΩ I M (p + 1)) :
                    manifoldIota I X (r α) = r manifoldIota I X α

                    The interior product is $\mathbb{R}$-linear: $\iota_X(r \cdot \alpha) = r \cdot \iota_X \alpha$.

                    theorem manifoldD_fMul {E : Type u_1} [NormedAddCommGroup E] [NormedSpace E] {H : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace H] (I : ModelWithCorners E H) {M : Type u_3} [TopologicalSpace M] [ChartedSpace H M] {p : } (f : ManifoldΩ I M 0) (α : ManifoldΩ I M p) :

                    Leibniz rule for $d$ multiplied by a function: $d(f \cdot \alpha) = df \wedge \alpha + f \cdot d\alpha$.

                    theorem manifoldIota_fMul {E : Type u_1} [NormedAddCommGroup E] [NormedSpace E] {H : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace H] (I : ModelWithCorners E H) {M : Type u_3} [TopologicalSpace M] [ChartedSpace H M] (X : ManifoldVF I M) {p : } (f : ManifoldΩ I M 0) (α : ManifoldΩ I M (p + 1)) :

                    $\iota_X$ commutes with multiplication by a scalar function: $\iota_X(f \cdot \alpha) = f \cdot \iota_X \alpha$.

                    theorem manifoldIota_wedge1 {E : Type u_1} [NormedAddCommGroup E] [NormedSpace E] {H : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace H] (I : ModelWithCorners E H) {M : Type u_3} [TopologicalSpace M] [ChartedSpace H M] (X : ManifoldVF I M) {p : } (w : ManifoldΩ I M 1) (α : ManifoldΩ I M (p + 1)) :

                    Graded Leibniz rule for $\iota_X$ on a wedge $w \wedge \alpha$ with $w$ a $1$-form: $$\iota_X(w \wedge \alpha) = (\iota_X w) \cdot \alpha - w \wedge \iota_X \alpha.$$

                    theorem manifoldIota_wedge1_zero {E : Type u_1} [NormedAddCommGroup E] [NormedSpace E] {H : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace H] (I : ModelWithCorners E H) {M : Type u_3} [TopologicalSpace M] [ChartedSpace H M] (X : ManifoldVF I M) (w : ManifoldΩ I M 1) (g : ManifoldΩ I M 0) :

                    Degenerate case of $\iota_X$ on $w \wedge g$ when $g \in \Omega^0$: the second correction term vanishes, yielding $\iota_X(w \wedge g) = (\iota_X w) \cdot g$.

                    theorem manifoldFMul_add_right {E : Type u_1} [NormedAddCommGroup E] [NormedSpace E] {H : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace H] (I : ModelWithCorners E H) {M : Type u_3} [TopologicalSpace M] [ChartedSpace H M] {p : } (f : ManifoldΩ I M 0) (α β : ManifoldΩ I M p) :
                    manifoldFMul I f (α + β) = manifoldFMul I f α + manifoldFMul I f β

                    Multiplication by a function distributes over form addition: $f \cdot (\alpha + \beta) = f \cdot \alpha + f \cdot \beta$.

                    theorem manifoldL_add {E : Type u_1} [NormedAddCommGroup E] [NormedSpace E] {H : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace H] (I : ModelWithCorners E H) {M : Type u_3} [TopologicalSpace M] [ChartedSpace H M] (X : ManifoldVF I M) {p : } (α β : ManifoldΩ I M p) :
                    manifoldL I X (α + β) = manifoldL I X α + manifoldL I X β

                    The Lie derivative is additive in the form: $\mathcal{L}_X(\alpha + \beta) = \mathcal{L}_X \alpha + \mathcal{L}_X \beta$.

                    theorem manifoldL_smul {E : Type u_1} [NormedAddCommGroup E] [NormedSpace E] {H : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace H] (I : ModelWithCorners E H) {M : Type u_3} [TopologicalSpace M] [ChartedSpace H M] (X : ManifoldVF I M) {p : } (r : ) (α : ManifoldΩ I M p) :
                    manifoldL I X (r α) = r manifoldL I X α

                    The Lie derivative is $\mathbb{R}$-linear in the form: $\mathcal{L}_X(r \cdot \alpha) = r \cdot \mathcal{L}_X \alpha$.

                    theorem manifoldL_comm_d {E : Type u_1} [NormedAddCommGroup E] [NormedSpace E] {H : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace H] (I : ModelWithCorners E H) {M : Type u_3} [TopologicalSpace M] [ChartedSpace H M] (X : ManifoldVF I M) {p : } (α : ManifoldΩ I M p) :
                    manifoldL I X (manifoldD I α) = manifoldD I (manifoldL I X α)

                    The Lie derivative commutes with the exterior derivative: $\mathcal{L}_X \, d\alpha = d \, \mathcal{L}_X \alpha$, a consequence of Cartan's formula and $d^2 = 0$.

                    theorem manifoldL_fMul {E : Type u_1} [NormedAddCommGroup E] [NormedSpace E] {H : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace H] (I : ModelWithCorners E H) {M : Type u_3} [TopologicalSpace M] [ChartedSpace H M] (X : ManifoldVF I M) {p : } (f : ManifoldΩ I M 0) (α : ManifoldΩ I M p) :
                    manifoldL I X (manifoldFMul I f α) = manifoldFMul I (manifoldL I X f) α + manifoldFMul I f (manifoldL I X α)

                    Leibniz rule for the Lie derivative: $\mathcal{L}_X(f \cdot \alpha) = (\mathcal{L}_X f) \cdot \alpha + f \cdot \mathcal{L}_X \alpha$.

                    theorem ext_fdα {E : Type u_1} [NormedAddCommGroup E] [NormedSpace E] {H : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace H] (I : ModelWithCorners E H) {M : Type u_3} [TopologicalSpace M] [ChartedSpace H M] {p : } (f : ManifoldΩ I M 0) (α : ManifoldΩ I M p) :

                    Rearranged Leibniz rule: $f \cdot d\alpha = d(f \cdot \alpha) - df \wedge \alpha$.

                    noncomputable def fixOtherSlots {E : Type u_1} [NormedAddCommGroup E] [NormedSpace E] {H : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace H] (I : ModelWithCorners E H) {M : Type u_3} [TopologicalSpace M] [ChartedSpace H M] {p : } (α : ManifoldΩ I M p) (i : Fin (p + 1)) (vs : Fin (p + 1)E) :
                    M

                    Auxiliary scalar function: fix the slot $i$ and the remaining vectors Fin.removeNth i vs, viewing $\alpha$ as a function of the base point $y$ that evaluates to a real number. Useful for differentiating $\alpha$ in the base variable.

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                      @[reducible]
                      noncomputable def manifoldDFS {E : Type u_1} [NormedAddCommGroup E] [NormedSpace E] {H : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace H] (I : ModelWithCorners E H) (M : Type u_3) [TopologicalSpace M] [ChartedSpace H M] [IsManifold I (↑) M] :

                      The differential-form-space (DFS) structure on a smooth manifold $M$. This bundles the exterior derivative $d$, the interior product $\iota_X$, multiplication by functions, wedge with $1$-forms, and the Lie derivative $\mathcal{L}_X$, together with all their algebraic identities ($d^2 = 0$, Leibniz, Cartan, nondegeneracy of $\iota$).

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                        @[implicit_reducible]
                        noncomputable instance instManifoldDFS {E : Type u_1} [NormedAddCommGroup E] [NormedSpace E] {H : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace H] (I : ModelWithCorners E H) (M : Type u_3) [TopologicalSpace M] [ChartedSpace H M] [IsManifold I (↑) M] :

                        Typeclass version of manifoldDFS: every smooth manifold $M$ automatically carries the differential-form-space structure on $\Omega^\bullet(M)$ and vector fields.

                        theorem lieBracket_constVF {E : Type u_1} [NormedAddCommGroup E] [NormedSpace E] (v w x : E) :
                        VectorField.lieBracket (fun (x : E) => v) (fun (x : E) => w) x = 0

                        The Lie bracket of two constant vector fields is zero: $[V, W] = 0$ when $V, W$ are constant functions on $E$, since their derivatives vanish.

                        noncomputable def termB {E : Type u_1} [NormedAddCommGroup E] [NormedSpace E] {H : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace H] (I : ModelWithCorners E H) (M : Type u_3) [TopologicalSpace M] [ChartedSpace H M] {p : } (α : ManifoldΩ I M (p + 1)) (x : M) (vs : Fin (p + 2)E) :

                        The "Lie-bracket term" appearing in the invariant Cartan formula for $d\alpha$: $$\sum_{i < j} (-1)^{i+j} \, \alpha([V_i, V_j], V_0, \dots, \hat V_i, \dots, \hat V_j, \dots).$$ For constant vector fields this term vanishes by lieBracket_constVF.

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