Documentation

Atlas.GeometryOfManifolds.code.ArnoldConjecture

structure HamiltonianDiffeomorphism {Ω : Type u_1} {VF : Type u_2} [inst : DifferentialFormSpace Ω VF] (S : SymplecticManifold Ω VF) :
Type (max u_1 u_2)

A Hamiltonian diffeomorphism of $(M, \omega)$: data of a Hamiltonian $H$, its Hamiltonian vector field $X_H$, and the time-1 flow of $X_H$.

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    noncomputable def HamiltonianDiffeomorphism.φ {Ω : Type u_1} {VF : Type u_2} [inst : DifferentialFormSpace Ω VF] {S : SymplecticManifold Ω VF} (f : HamiltonianDiffeomorphism S) :
    DFSMorphism Ω VF Ω VF

    The time-1 map $\varphi^1_{X_H}: M \to M$ of the Hamiltonian flow.

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      A Hamiltonian diffeomorphism is symplectic: $\varphi^* \omega = \omega$.

      class HasFixedPoints {Ω : Type u_1} {VF : Type u_2} [inst : DifferentialFormSpace Ω VF] (S : SymplecticManifold Ω VF) (f : HamiltonianDiffeomorphism S) :
      Type (max 1 u_1)

      The fixed-point set $\mathrm{Fix}(\varphi)$ of a Hamiltonian diffeomorphism, exposed as a finite indexing type with evaluation $\mathrm{ev}_x(g) = g(x)$ satisfying $\mathrm{ev}_x(\varphi^* g) = \mathrm{ev}_x(g)$.

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        class IsNondegenerate {Ω : Type u_1} {VF : Type u_2} [inst : DifferentialFormSpace Ω VF] (S : SymplecticManifold Ω VF) (f : HamiltonianDiffeomorphism S) extends HasFixedPoints S f :
        Type (max 1 u_1)

        Nondegeneracy of fixed points: the evaluation map on $\mathrm{Fix}(\varphi)$ is injective, i.e. distinct fixed points are separated by smooth functions.

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          class HasCohomology {Ω : Type u_1} {VF : Type u_2} [inst : DifferentialFormSpace Ω VF] :
          Type (u_3 + 1)

          A graded cohomology theory $H^k(M, \mathbb{R})$ taking finite-dimensional real values.

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            noncomputable def HasCohomology.betti {Ω : Type u_1} {VF : Type u_2} [inst : DifferentialFormSpace Ω VF] (hC : HasCohomology) (i : ) :

            The $i$-th Betti number $b_i(M) = \dim_\mathbb{R} H^i(M, \mathbb{R})$.

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              class HasBettiNumbers {Ω : Type u_1} {VF : Type u_2} [inst : DifferentialFormSpace Ω VF] extends HasCohomology :
              Type (u_3 + 1)

              Betti-number data for a manifold of dimension manifoldDim: total Betti number $\sum_{i=0}^{\dim M} b_i(M)$ packaged with the cohomology groups.

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                theorem betti_vanish_above_axiom {Ω : Type u_1} {VF : Type u_2} [inst : DifferentialFormSpace Ω VF] (hB : HasBettiNumbers) (i : ) (hi : HasBettiNumbers.manifoldDim Ω VF < i) :

                Vanishing of Betti numbers above the manifold dimension: $b_i(M) = 0$ for $i > \dim M$.

                noncomputable def HasBettiNumbers.betti {Ω : Type u_1} {VF : Type u_2} [inst : DifferentialFormSpace Ω VF] (hB : HasBettiNumbers) (i : ) :

                The $i$-th Betti number $b_i(M) = \dim_\mathbb{R} H^i(M, \mathbb{R})$ recovered from the Betti-number data.

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                  structure ActionFunctional {Ω : Type u_1} {VF : Type u_2} [inst : DifferentialFormSpace Ω VF] (S : SymplecticManifold Ω VF) (f : HamiltonianDiffeomorphism S) :
                  Type (max 1 u_1)

                  The symplectic action functional $\mathcal{A}_H: \mathcal{L}M \to \mathbb{R}$ on a loop space, whose critical points correspond to 1-periodic orbits of the Hamiltonian flow (and hence to fixed points of $\varphi$).

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                    structure ActionFunctionalWithBijection {Ω : Type u_1} {VF : Type u_2} [inst : DifferentialFormSpace Ω VF] (S : SymplecticManifold Ω VF) (f : HamiltonianDiffeomorphism S) [hnd : IsNondegenerate S f] extends ActionFunctional S f :
                    Type (max 1 u_1)

                    Bijection between critical points of the action functional and fixed points of $\varphi$: $\mathrm{Crit}(\mathcal{A}_H) \cong \mathrm{Fix}(\varphi)$.

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                      structure FloerComplex {Ω : Type u_1} {VF : Type u_2} [inst : DifferentialFormSpace Ω VF] (S : SymplecticManifold Ω VF) (f : HamiltonianDiffeomorphism S) [hnd : IsNondegenerate S f] :

                      The Floer chain complex $(CF_*, \partial)$ generated by 1-periodic orbits, with differential $\partial^2 = 0$ and total rank equal to $\#\mathrm{Fix}(\varphi)$.

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                        class HasFloerHomologyRank {Ω : Type u_1} {VF : Type u_2} [inst : DifferentialFormSpace Ω VF] (S : SymplecticManifold Ω VF) (f : HamiltonianDiffeomorphism S) [hnd : IsNondegenerate S f] :

                        The graded and total ranks $\dim HF^i$ and $\sum_i \dim HF^i$ of Floer homology.

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                          theorem floer_homology_graded_iso {Ω : Type u_1} {VF : Type u_2} [inst : DifferentialFormSpace Ω VF] [hcomp : IsCompactSymplectic Ω VF] (S : SymplecticManifold Ω VF) (f : HamiltonianDiffeomorphism S) [hnd : IsNondegenerate S f] [hbetti : HasBettiNumbers] [hfr : HasFloerHomologyRank S f] (i : ) :

                          Floer's isomorphism (graded): $HF^i(M, \varphi) \cong H^i(M, \mathbb{R})$ for a Hamiltonian diffeomorphism on a compact symplectic manifold, hence Arnold's lower bound $\#\mathrm{Fix}(\varphi) \ge \sum_i b_i(M)$.

                          structure FloerComplexGradedRank {Ω : Type u_1} {VF : Type u_2} [inst : DifferentialFormSpace Ω VF] {S : SymplecticManifold Ω VF} {f : HamiltonianDiffeomorphism S} [hnd : IsNondegenerate S f] [hbetti : HasBettiNumbers] (FC : FloerComplex S f) :

                          Graded ranks of the Floer complex: $\dim CF^i$, summing to the total rank and vanishing above the manifold dimension.

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                            structure CompactLagrangian {Ω_M : Type u_1} {VF_M : Type u_2} [inst_M : DifferentialFormSpace Ω_M VF_M] (S : SymplecticManifold Ω_M VF_M) :
                            Type (max (max u_1 (u_3 + 1)) (u_4 + 1))

                            A compact Lagrangian submanifold $L \hookrightarrow (M, \omega)$: the pullback of $\omega$ to $L$ vanishes, $\iota^* \omega = 0$.

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                              class HasLagrangianIntersectionData {Ω_M : Type u_1} {VF_M : Type u_2} [inst_M : DifferentialFormSpace Ω_M VF_M] (S : SymplecticManifold Ω_M VF_M) (L : CompactLagrangian S) (ψ : HamiltonianDiffeomorphism S) :
                              Type (u_3 + 1)

                              Data for the Lagrangian Arnold conjecture: cohomology of $L$, dimension, total Betti number $\sum_i b_i(L) \ge 2$, and the intersection number $\# (L \cap \psi(L))$.

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                                Vanishing of Betti numbers of $L$ above its dimension: $b_i(L) = 0$ for $i > \dim L$.

                                class IsTransverseIntersection {Ω_M : Type u_1} {VF_M : Type u_2} [inst_M : DifferentialFormSpace Ω_M VF_M] (S : SymplecticManifold Ω_M VF_M) (L : CompactLagrangian S) (ψ : HamiltonianDiffeomorphism S) :

                                Transverse intersection of $L$ and $\psi(L)$: the intersection points are non-degenerate, in the sense that a 1-form vanishing on both tangent spaces vanishes identically.

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                                  class IsRelativelySpin {Ω_M : Type u_1} {VF_M : Type u_2} [inst_M : DifferentialFormSpace Ω_M VF_M] (S : SymplecticManifold Ω_M VF_M) (L : CompactLagrangian S) :

                                  Relative spin condition on $L \subset M$: existence of a closed 2-form $\beta$ on $M$ whose pullback to $L$ is exact, used to orient moduli spaces in Lagrangian Floer theory.

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                                    class HasH1Injectivity {Ω_M : Type u_1} {VF_M : Type u_2} [inst_M : DifferentialFormSpace Ω_M VF_M] (S : SymplecticManifold Ω_M VF_M) (L : CompactLagrangian S) :

                                    $H^1$-injectivity hypothesis: every closed 1-form on $L$ lifts to a closed 1-form on $M$ up to an exact form, ensuring the inclusion $H^1(M) \to H^1(L)$ is surjective on representatives.

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