Abbreviation for the general linear group GL(V) of a k-module V.
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The underlying linear map of linearEquivToGLV e is e.toLinearMap.
The linear map underlying glvToLinearEquiv g is the underlying map of g.
Round-trip lemma: converting g : GLV k V to a linear equivalence and back
recovers g.
The product linearEquivToGLV d * linearEquivToGLV u in GLV k V has
underlying linear map equal to the composition d ∘ u.
If a linear equivalence e preserves a submodule W, then so does its inverse
e.symm.
If g ∈ GLV k V sends a submodule W₁ to W₂, then g⁻¹ sends W₂ back to W₁.
A flag in a k-vector space V is a strictly increasing sequence of submodules
spaces : Fin len → Submodule k V.
- len : ℕ
- strictMono : StrictMono self.spaces
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Two flags have the same type when they have the same length and the same sequence of dimensions.
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The image of a submodule under the product of two GL elements equals the
iterated image: W.map (a * b) = (W.map b).map a.
The parabolic subgroup of GL(V) stabilizing a flag F: the elements
preserving every space in the flag.
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The unipotent radical of the parabolic subgroup of F: elements in the
parabolic that act as the identity on each successive quotient F.spaces i / F.spaces (i-1) (and as the identity on F.spaces 0).
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An element of the parabolic subgroup of F maps each flag level into itself
pointwise.
Multiplication by g then g⁻¹ (as linear maps) cancels: g (g⁻¹ v) = v.
If g ∈ GL(V) maps the flag F₁ to F₂ (level-wise), then the parabolic subgroup
of F₂ is the g-conjugate of the parabolic subgroup of F₁.
For g ∈ H, conjugation by g preserves H and distributes over intersections:
(H ⊓ K)^g = H ⊓ K^g.
Conjugation in GLV k V distributes over intersection of subgroups.
Two flags are opposite if they have the same length and type, and each matched
pair of levels (F.spaces i, F'.spaces (F'.len - 1 - i)) is complementary.
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The parabolic subgroup attached to the opposite flag F'.
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The Levi component associated with an opposite pair of flags (F, F'): the
intersection of their parabolic subgroups.
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The parabolic subgroup of F is a semidirect product of its Levi component
(with respect to the opposite flag F') and its unipotent radical: every element
of the parabolic factors uniquely as a Levi times unipotent.
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The length of F.truncateStart h is F.len - 1.
A pair of opposite flags is a "covering" pair when F is nonempty and its top
space is all of V.
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Existence property: for every covering opposite pair (F, F') and every flag
stabilizer p of F, there exists a Levi-unipotent factorization p = d ∘ u.
- exists_decomp_linear (F F' : Flag k V) (_h : F.isOppositeFlag F') (hlen : 0 < F.len) (_hcov : F.spaces ⟨F.len - 1, ⋯⟩ = ⊤) (p : V ≃ₗ[k] V) : (∀ (i : Fin F.len), Submodule.map (↑p) (F.spaces i) = F.spaces i) → ∃ (d : V ≃ₗ[k] V) (u : V ≃ₗ[k] V), (∀ (i : Fin F.len), Submodule.map (↑d) (F.spaces i) = F.spaces i) ∧ (∀ (i : Fin F'.len), Submodule.map (↑d) (F'.spaces i) = F'.spaces i) ∧ (∀ (i : Fin F.len), Submodule.map (↑u) (F.spaces i) = F.spaces i) ∧ (∀ (i : Fin F.len), ∀ v ∈ F.spaces i, ↑u v - v ∈ if x : ↑i = 0 then ⊥ else F.spaces ⟨↑i - 1, ⋯⟩) ∧ ↑p = ↑d ∘ₗ ↑u
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Uniqueness in M ∩ U = {1}: a linear equivalence that simultaneously preserves
the opposite flag F' levelwise and is unipotent along F must be the identity.
Uniqueness of the Levi-unipotent factorization at the linear-equivalence level:
if d₁ ∘ u₁ = d₂ ∘ u₂ with both factors lying in the appropriate Levi and
unipotent subspaces, then d₁ = d₂ and u₁ = u₂.
Combined property packaging both existence and uniqueness of the Levi-unipotent decomposition of the flag stabilizer.
- exists_decomp_linear (F F' : Flag k V) (_h : F.isOppositeFlag F') (hlen : 0 < F.len) (_hcov : F.spaces ⟨F.len - 1, ⋯⟩ = ⊤) (p : V ≃ₗ[k] V) : (∀ (i : Fin F.len), Submodule.map (↑p) (F.spaces i) = F.spaces i) → ∃ (d : V ≃ₗ[k] V) (u : V ≃ₗ[k] V), (∀ (i : Fin F.len), Submodule.map (↑d) (F.spaces i) = F.spaces i) ∧ (∀ (i : Fin F'.len), Submodule.map (↑d) (F'.spaces i) = F'.spaces i) ∧ (∀ (i : Fin F.len), Submodule.map (↑u) (F.spaces i) = F.spaces i) ∧ (∀ (i : Fin F.len), ∀ v ∈ F.spaces i, ↑u v - v ∈ if x : ↑i = 0 then ⊥ else F.spaces ⟨↑i - 1, ⋯⟩) ∧ ↑p = ↑d ∘ₗ ↑u
- unique_decomp_linear (F F' : Flag k V) (_h : F.isOppositeFlag F') (hlen : 0 < F.len) (_hcov : F.spaces ⟨F.len - 1, ⋯⟩ = ⊤) (d₁ d₂ u₁ u₂ : V ≃ₗ[k] V) : (∀ (i : Fin F.len), Submodule.map (↑d₁) (F.spaces i) = F.spaces i) → (∀ (i : Fin F'.len), Submodule.map (↑d₁) (F'.spaces i) = F'.spaces i) → (∀ (i : Fin F.len), Submodule.map (↑d₂) (F.spaces i) = F.spaces i) → (∀ (i : Fin F'.len), Submodule.map (↑d₂) (F'.spaces i) = F'.spaces i) → (∀ (i : Fin F.len), Submodule.map (↑u₁) (F.spaces i) = F.spaces i) → (∀ (i : Fin F.len), ∀ v ∈ F.spaces i, ↑u₁ v - v ∈ if x : ↑i = 0 then ⊥ else F.spaces ⟨↑i - 1, ⋯⟩) → (∀ (i : Fin F.len), Submodule.map (↑u₂) (F.spaces i) = F.spaces i) → (∀ (i : Fin F.len), ∀ v ∈ F.spaces i, ↑u₂ v - v ∈ if x : ↑i = 0 then ⊥ else F.spaces ⟨↑i - 1, ⋯⟩) → ↑d₁ ∘ₗ ↑u₁ = ↑d₂ ∘ₗ ↑u₂ → d₁ = d₂ ∧ u₁ = u₂
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The existence property SemidirectExistenceProperty together with the
unique-decomposition lemma Flag.unique_decomp_linear_proof yields the combined
SemidirectDecompositionProperty.
Two flags of the same type are linearly equivalent: there exists a linear
automorphism of V mapping one to the other levelwise.
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Group-level corollary of FlagEquivalenceProperty: same-type flags are conjugate
under some element of GLV k V.
For any flag F, any two flags opposite to F are conjugate via a linear
automorphism that preserves F levelwise.
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Group-level corollary of OppositeSystemsConjugacyProperty: opposite flags to a
fixed F are conjugate by an element of the parabolic subgroup of F.
Group-level form of the semidirect existence: under
SemidirectDecompositionProperty, any element of the parabolic subgroup of F
factors as a Levi component times a unipotent radical element.
Group-level uniqueness for the semidirect decomposition: the Levi-unipotent factorization of an element of the parabolic subgroup is unique.
Any two same-type pairs of opposite flags (F₁, F'₁) and (F₂, F'₂) are
linearly equivalent: one linear automorphism of V carries both F₁ ↦ F₂ and
F'₁ ↦ F'₂ levelwise.
- equiv_linear (F₁ F₂ F'₁ F'₂ : Flag k V) : F₁.isOppositeFlag F'₁ → F₂.isOppositeFlag F'₂ → F₁.sameType F₂ → ∃ (e : V ≃ₗ[k] V) (hlen : F₁.len = F₂.len) (hlen' : F'₁.len = F'₂.len), (∀ (i : Fin F₁.len), Submodule.map (↑e) (F₁.spaces i) = F₂.spaces (Fin.cast hlen i)) ∧ ∀ (i : Fin F'₁.len), Submodule.map (↑e) (F'₁.spaces i) = F'₂.spaces (Fin.cast hlen' i)
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Group-level corollary of CompleteFlagPairEquivalenceProperty: same-type
opposite flag pairs are conjugate via an element of GLV k V.