Documentation

Atlas.ArithmeticGeometry.code.GaloisCohomology

def GaloisCohomology.IsCrossedHom {G : Type u_1} {A : Type u_2} [Mul G] [AddCommGroup A] [SMul G A] (α : GA) :

A function $\alpha \colon G \to A$ is a crossed homomorphism (1-cocycle) iff it satisfies the cocycle identity $\alpha(\tau\sigma) = \alpha(\tau) + \tau \cdot \alpha(\sigma)$, identified here with groupCohomology.IsCocycle₁.

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    structure GaloisCohomology.CrossedHom (G : Type u_1) (A : Type u_2) [Mul G] [AddCommGroup A] [SMul G A] :
    Type (max u_1 u_2)

    A bundled crossed homomorphism: a function $G \to A$ together with a proof of the cocycle condition.

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      @[implicit_reducible]
      instance GaloisCohomology.CrossedHom.instFunLike {G : Type u_1} {A : Type u_2} [Mul G] [AddCommGroup A] [SMul G A] :

      A CrossedHom G A can be coerced to a function $G \to A$ in a FunLike manner.

      theorem GaloisCohomology.CrossedHom.ext {G : Type u_1} {A : Type u_2} [Mul G] [AddCommGroup A] [SMul G A] {α β : CrossedHom G A} (h : ∀ (g : G), α g = β g) :
      α = β

      Crossed homomorphisms are determined by their function values: two crossed homs agreeing pointwise are equal.

      theorem GaloisCohomology.CrossedHom.ext_iff {G : Type u_1} {A : Type u_2} [Mul G] [AddCommGroup A] [SMul G A] {α β : CrossedHom G A} :
      α = β ∀ (g : G), α g = β g
      @[simp]
      theorem GaloisCohomology.CrossedHom.coe_mk {G : Type u_1} {A : Type u_2} [Mul G] [AddCommGroup A] [SMul G A] (f : GA) (hf : IsCrossedHom f) :
      { toFun := f, cocycle_condition := hf } = f

      The coercion of a constructed CrossedHom.mk f hf to a function is f itself.

      theorem GaloisCohomology.CrossedHom.cocycle_condition_eq {G : Type u_1} {A : Type u_2} [Mul G] [AddCommGroup A] [SMul G A] (α : CrossedHom G A) (τ σ : G) :
      α (τ * σ) = α τ + τ α σ

      The cocycle condition rewritten in the convenient form $\alpha(\tau\sigma) = \alpha(\tau) + \tau \cdot \alpha(\sigma)$.

      theorem GaloisCohomology.CrossedHom.isCrossedHom {G : Type u_1} {A : Type u_2} [Mul G] [AddCommGroup A] [SMul G A] (α : CrossedHom G A) :

      A bundled crossed hom is a crossed hom (as a predicate on its underlying function).

      The zero crossed homomorphism $\alpha \equiv 0$.

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        def GaloisCohomology.CrossedHom.add {G : Type u_3} {A : Type u_4} [Group G] [AddCommGroup A] [DistribMulAction G A] (α β : CrossedHom G A) :

        Pointwise addition of two crossed homomorphisms is again a crossed homomorphism.

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          Pointwise negation of a crossed homomorphism is again a crossed homomorphism.

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            @[implicit_reducible]

            The zero element of CrossedHom G A.

            @[implicit_reducible]

            Pointwise addition on CrossedHom G A.

            @[implicit_reducible]

            Pointwise negation on CrossedHom G A.

            @[simp]
            theorem GaloisCohomology.CrossedHom.zero_apply {G : Type u_3} {A : Type u_4} [Group G] [AddCommGroup A] [DistribMulAction G A] (g : G) :
            0 g = 0

            The zero crossed hom evaluates to $0$ at every $g \in G$.

            @[simp]
            theorem GaloisCohomology.CrossedHom.add_apply {G : Type u_3} {A : Type u_4} [Group G] [AddCommGroup A] [DistribMulAction G A] (α β : CrossedHom G A) (g : G) :
            (α + β) g = α g + β g

            Sum of two crossed homs evaluates pointwise.

            @[simp]
            theorem GaloisCohomology.CrossedHom.neg_apply {G : Type u_3} {A : Type u_4} [Group G] [AddCommGroup A] [DistribMulAction G A] (α : CrossedHom G A) (g : G) :
            (-α) g = -α g

            Negation of a crossed hom evaluates pointwise.

            @[implicit_reducible]

            Crossed homomorphisms form an additive commutative group under pointwise operations.

            structure GaloisCohomology.ContCrossedHom (G : Type u_1) (A : Type u_2) [Mul G] [AddCommGroup A] [SMul G A] [TopologicalSpace G] [TopologicalSpace A] extends GaloisCohomology.CrossedHom G A :
            Type (max u_1 u_2)

            A continuous crossed homomorphism: a crossed hom whose underlying function is continuous.

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              @[implicit_reducible]

              A ContCrossedHom G A can be coerced to a function $G \to A$.

              theorem GaloisCohomology.ContCrossedHom.ext {G : Type u_1} {A : Type u_2} [Mul G] [AddCommGroup A] [SMul G A] [TopologicalSpace G] [TopologicalSpace A] {α β : ContCrossedHom G A} (h : ∀ (g : G), α g = β g) :
              α = β

              Continuous crossed homs are determined by their pointwise values.

              theorem GaloisCohomology.ContCrossedHom.ext_iff {G : Type u_1} {A : Type u_2} [Mul G] [AddCommGroup A] [SMul G A] [TopologicalSpace G] [TopologicalSpace A] {α β : ContCrossedHom G A} :
              α = β ∀ (g : G), α g = β g
              @[simp]
              theorem GaloisCohomology.ContCrossedHom.coe_mk' {G : Type u_1} {A : Type u_2} [Mul G] [AddCommGroup A] [SMul G A] [TopologicalSpace G] [TopologicalSpace A] (f : CrossedHom G A) (hf : Continuous f.toFun) :
              { toCrossedHom := f, continuous_toFun := hf } = f

              Coercion of a constructed ContCrossedHom.mk f hf returns f.

              theorem GaloisCohomology.ContCrossedHom.cocycle_condition_eq {G : Type u_1} {A : Type u_2} [Mul G] [AddCommGroup A] [SMul G A] [TopologicalSpace G] [TopologicalSpace A] (α : ContCrossedHom G A) (τ σ : G) :
              α (τ * σ) = α τ + τ α σ

              Restated cocycle identity for continuous crossed homs: $\alpha(\tau\sigma) = \alpha(\tau) + \tau \cdot \alpha(\sigma)$.

              The underlying function of a continuous crossed hom is continuous.

              Underlying crossed-hom property of a continuous crossed hom.

              Restatement of the cocycle condition in Mathlib's IsCocycle₁ form.

              The zero continuous crossed homomorphism $\alpha \equiv 0$, which is continuous as a constant function.

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                Pointwise sum of two continuous crossed homomorphisms is again continuous.

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                  Pointwise negation of a continuous crossed homomorphism is continuous.

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                    @[implicit_reducible]

                    Pointwise addition on ContCrossedHom.

                    @[implicit_reducible]

                    Pointwise negation on ContCrossedHom.

                    @[simp]

                    The zero continuous crossed hom evaluates to $0$ everywhere.

                    @[simp]
                    theorem GaloisCohomology.ContCrossedHom.add_apply {G : Type u_3} {A : Type u_4} [Group G] [AddCommGroup A] [DistribMulAction G A] [TopologicalSpace G] [TopologicalSpace A] [ContinuousAdd A] (α β : ContCrossedHom G A) (g : G) :
                    (α + β) g = α g + β g

                    Sum of two continuous crossed homs evaluates pointwise.

                    @[simp]
                    theorem GaloisCohomology.ContCrossedHom.neg_apply {G : Type u_3} {A : Type u_4} [Group G] [AddCommGroup A] [DistribMulAction G A] [TopologicalSpace G] [TopologicalSpace A] [ContinuousNeg A] (α : ContCrossedHom G A) (g : G) :
                    (-α) g = -α g

                    Negation of a continuous crossed hom evaluates pointwise.

                    @[implicit_reducible]

                    Continuous crossed homomorphisms form an additive commutative group.

                    def GaloisCohomology.IsPrincipalCrossedHom {G : Type u_1} {A : Type u_2} [Group G] [AddCommGroup A] [DistribMulAction G A] (α : GA) :

                    A function $\alpha \colon G \to A$ is a principal crossed homomorphism (1-coboundary) iff it has the form $\alpha(\sigma) = \sigma \cdot P - P$ for some $P \in A$.

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                      theorem GaloisCohomology.isPrincipalCrossedHom_iff {G : Type u_1} {A : Type u_2} [Group G] [AddCommGroup A] [DistribMulAction G A] (α : GA) :
                      IsPrincipalCrossedHom α ∃ (P : A), ∀ (σ : G), σ P - P = α σ

                      Unfolding: $\alpha$ is a coboundary iff there exists $P \in A$ with $\sigma \cdot P - P = \alpha(\sigma)$ for all $\sigma$.

                      Every principal (1-coboundary) crossed homomorphism is itself a crossed homomorphism (1-cocycle).

                      The principal crossed hom $\sigma \mapsto \sigma \cdot P - P$ associated to a point $P \in A$.

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                        @[simp]
                        theorem GaloisCohomology.principalCrossedHom_apply {G : Type u_1} {A : Type u_2} [Group G] [AddCommGroup A] [DistribMulAction G A] (P : A) (σ : G) :
                        (principalCrossedHom P) σ = σ P - P

                        The principal crossed hom at $P$ evaluates as $\sigma \mapsto \sigma \cdot P - P$.

                        The subgroup of principal crossed homomorphisms (1-coboundaries) inside the additive group of all crossed homomorphisms.

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                          Membership criterion for the subgroup of principal crossed homomorphisms.

                          The principal continuous crossed hom $\sigma \mapsto \sigma \cdot P - P$ associated to $P \in A$, viewed as a ContCrossedHom.

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                            @[simp]

                            Evaluation formula for the continuous principal crossed hom at $P$.

                            The subgroup of continuous principal crossed homomorphisms inside ContCrossedHom G A.

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                              Membership criterion for the subgroup of continuous principal crossed homomorphisms.

                              @[reducible, inline]
                              abbrev GaloisCohomology.H1 (G : Type u_1) (A : Type u_2) [Group G] [AddCommGroup A] [DistribMulAction G A] [TopologicalSpace G] [TopologicalSpace A] [ContinuousAdd A] [ContinuousNeg A] [ContinuousSMul G A] :
                              Type (max (max u_2 u_1) u_1 u_2)

                              The first (continuous) Galois cohomology group: $H^1(G, A) := Z^1 / B^1$ where $Z^1$ is the group of continuous crossed homs and $B^1$ the subgroup of principal ones.

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                                The canonical projection $\mathrm{ContCrossedHom}(G, A) \to H^1(G, A)$.

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                                  Equality criterion in $H^1$: $[\alpha] = [\beta]$ iff $\alpha - \beta$ is a principal crossed homomorphism.

                                  @[reducible, inline]

                                  The absolute Galois group $\mathrm{Gal}(\bar k/k)$ of a field $k$, realized as $k$-algebra automorphisms of an algebraic closure of $k$.

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                                    @[implicit_reducible]

                                    The Krull topology on the absolute Galois group: open subgroups are stabilizers of finite extensions.

                                    The points of an elliptic curve over the algebraic closure $\bar k$: $E(\bar k)$.

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                                      @[implicit_reducible]

                                      The group structure on $E(\bar k)$ coming from the Weierstrass curve's affine point group law.

                                      The Galois group $\mathrm{Gal}(\bar k/k)$ acts on $E(\bar k)$ by transporting points along each $k$-algebra automorphism of $\bar k$.

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                                        @[implicit_reducible]

                                        Promote the Galois DistribMulAction on $E(\bar k)$ to an instance.

                                        @[implicit_reducible]

                                        We endow $E(\bar k)$ with the discrete topology, which is appropriate for the topology on the cocycle group.

                                        Confirmation that the topology on $E(\bar k)$ chosen above is the discrete topology.

                                        Addition on $E(\bar k)$ is continuous (vacuously, since the topology is discrete).

                                        Negation on $E(\bar k)$ is continuous (vacuously, in the discrete topology).

                                        The Galois action on $E(\bar k)$ is continuous (in the Krull topology on $\mathrm{Gal}(\bar k/k)$ and the discrete topology on $E(\bar k)$): the stabilizer of every point is open, since it contains the open subgroup fixing a finite subextension containing the coordinates of $P$.

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                                          @[reducible, inline]
                                          noncomputable abbrev GaloisCohomology.WeilChateletGroupReal (k : Type u_1) [Field k] (W : WeierstrassCurve k) :
                                          Type u_1

                                          The realisation of the Weil-Châtelet group via Galois cohomology: $H^1(\mathrm{Gal}(\bar k/k), E(\bar k))$.

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